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1.
ABCD arq. bras. cir. dig ; 36: e1792, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533303

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic approach considerably reduced the morbidity of colorectal surgery when compared to the open approach. Among its benefits, we can highlight less intraoperative bleeding, early oral intake, lower rates of surgical site infection, incisional hernia, and postoperative pain, and earlier hospital discharge. AIMS: To compare the perioperative morbidity of right versus left colectomy for cancer and the quality of laparoscopic oncologic resection. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients submitted to laparoscopic right and left colctomy between 2006 and 2016. Postoperative complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo scale, 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 293 patients were analyzed, 97 right colectomies (33.1%) and 196 left colectomies (66.9%). The averageage was 62.8 years. The groups were comparable in terms of age, comorbidities, body mass index, and the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification. Preoperative transfusion was higher in the right colectomy group (5.1% versus 0.4%, p=0.004, p<0.05). Overall, 233 patients (79.5%) had no complications. Complications found were grade I and II in 62 patients (21.1%) and grade III to V in 37 (12.6%). Twenty-three patients (7.8%) underwent reoperation. The comparison between left and right colectomy was not statistically different for operative time, conversion, reoperation, severe postoperative complications, and length of stay. The anastomotic leak rate was comparable in both groups(5.6% versus 2.1%, p=0.232, p>0.05). The oncological results were similar in both surgeries. In multiple logistic regression, ASA statistically influenced the worst results (≥ III; p=0.029, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The surgical and oncological results of laparoscopic right and left colectomies are similar, making this the preferred approach for both procedures.


RESUMO RACIONAL: A abordagem laparoscópica reduziu consideravelmente a morbidade da cirurgia colorretal quando comparada à abordagem aberta. Entre seus benefícios podemos destacar o menor sangramento intraoperatório, ingestão oral precoce, menor índice de infecção de incisão cirúrgica e hérnia incisional, menor índice de dor pós-operatória e alta hospitalar mais precoce. OBJETIVOS: Comparar a morbidade perioperatória da colectomia direita versus esquerda para câncer e a qualidade da ressecção oncológica laparoscópica. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à olectomia laparoscópica direit e esquerda entre 2006 e 2016. As complicações pós-operatórias foram classificadas pela escala Clavien-Dindo, 30 dias após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Um total de 293 pacientes foram analisados, 97 casos de colectomia direita (33.1%) e 196 de esquerda (66.9%). A idade média foi de 62,8 anos. Os grupos foram comparáveis em termos de idade, comorbidades, índice de massa corporal e classificação da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia (ASA). A transfusão pré-operatória foi maior no grupo da colectomia direita (5,1% versus 0,4%, p=0,004, p<0,05). No geral, 233 pacientes (79.5%) não apresentaram complicações. As complicações encontradas foram graus I e II em 62 pacientes (21,1%), egraus III a V em 37 (12,6%). Vinte e três pacientes (7,8%) foram reoperados. A comparação entre a colectomia laparoscópica esquerda e direita não foi estatisticamente diferente para tempo operatório, conversão, reoperação, complicações pós-operatórias graves e tempo de internação. A taxa de fístula anastomótica foi comparável em ambos os grupos (5,6% versus 2,1%, p=0,232, p>0,05). Os resultados oncológicos foram semelhantes nas duas cirurgias. Na regressão logística múltipla, a ASA influenciou estatisticamente os piores resultados (≥ III; p=0,029, p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados cirúrgicos e oncológicos das colectomias laparoscópicas direita e esquerda são semelhantes, tornando esta a abordagem preferida para ambos os procedimentos.

2.
Clinics ; 78: 100278, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520689

ABSTRACT

Abstract Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) followed by a colonoscopy is an efficacious strategy to improve the adenoma detection rate and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). There is no organized national screening program for CRC in Brazil. The aim of this research was to describe the implementation of an organized screening program for CRC through FIT followed by colonoscopy, in an urban low-income community of São Paulo city. The endpoints of the study were: FIT participation rate, FIT positivity rate, colonoscopy compliance rate, Positive Predictive Values (PPV) for adenoma and CRC, and the rate of complications. From May 2016 to October 2019, asymptomatic individuals, 50-75 years old, received a free kit to perform the FIT. Positive FIT (≥ 50 ng/mL) individuals were referred to colonoscopy. 10,057 individuals returned the stool sample for analysis, of which (98.2%) 9,881 were valid. Women represented 64.8% of the participants. 55.3% of individuals did not complete elementary school. Positive FIT was 7.8% (776/9881). The colonoscopy compliance rate was 68.9% (535/776). There were no major colonoscopy complications. Adenoma were detected in 63.2% (332/525) of individuals. Advanced adenomatous lesions were found in 31.4% (165/525). CRC was diagnosed in 5.9% (31/525), characterized as adenocarcinoma: in situ in 3.2% (1/31), intramucosal in 29% (9/31), and invasive in 67.7% (21/31). Endoscopic treatment with curative intent for CRC was performed in 45.2% (14/31) of the cases. Therefore, in an urban low-income community, an organized CRC screening using FIT followed by colonoscopy ensued a high participation rate, and high predictive positive value for both, adenoma and CRC.

3.
ABCD arq. bras. cir. dig ; 36: e1785, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1549970

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is a lack of valid and specific tools to measure chronic constipation severity in Brazil. AIMS: To validate the Constipation Scoring System for Brazilian spoken Portuguese. METHODS: Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation itself (reliability and convergent and divergent validation). Translation: definitive version from the original version's translation and evaluation by specialists. Cultural adaptation: score content analysis of the definitive version, as an interview to patients. Interobserver reliability: application by two researchers on the same day. Intraobserver reliability: same researcher at different times, in a 7-day interval. Divergent validation: non-constipated volunteers. Convergent validation: two groups, good response to clinical treatment and refractory to treatment. RESULTS: Cultural adaptation: 81 patients, 89% female, with mean age of 55 and seven years of schooling, and overall content validity index was 96.5%. Inter and intraobserver reliability analysis: 60 patients, 86.7% female, mean age of 56 and six years of schooling, and the respective intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.991 and 0.987, p<0.001. Divergent validation: 40 volunteers, 25 male, mean age of 49 years, and the mean global score was 2. Convergent validation of patients with good response to clinical treatment: 47 patients, 39 female, mean age of 60 and six years of schooling, and the pre- and post-treatment scores were 19 and 8, respectively (p<0.001). Convergent validation of refractory to clinical treatment patients: 75 patients, 70 female, mean age of 53 and seven years of schooling, and the global average score was 22. CONCLUSIONS: The Constipation Scoring System (Índice de Gravidade da Constipação Intestinal) validated for the Brazilian population is a reliable instrument for measuring the severity of intestinal chronic constipation.


RESUMO RACIONAL: No Brasil há escassez de instrumentos específicos e validados para a avaliação da gravidade da constipação intestinal crônica. OBJETIVOS: Validar o instrumento Constipation Scoring System para pacientes com constipação crônica. MÉTODOS: Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação propriamente dita. Tradução: versão definitiva a partir de traduções do original avaliadas por especialistas. Adaptação cultural: avaliação do conteúdo por entrevista a pacientes. Confiabilidade interobservadores: entrevista por dois pesquisadores no mesmo dia. Confiabilidade intraobservador: duas entrevistas pelo mesmo pesquisador (intervalo de 7 dias). Validação divergente: voluntários não constipados. Validação convergente: dois grupos, boa resposta e refratários ao tratamento clínico. RESULTADOS: Adaptação cultural: 81 pacientes, sendo 89% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 55 anos e 7 anos de escolaridade. O índice de validade de conteúdo global foi de 96,5%. Confiabilidade interobservadores e intraobservador: 60 pacientes, sendo 86,7% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 56 anos e 6 anos de escolaridade. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi de 0,991 e 0,987 (p<0,001), respectivamente. Validação divergente: 40 voluntários, sendo 62,5% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 49 anos e pontuação média: 0. Validação convergente dos pacientes com boa resposta do tratamento clínico: 47 pacientes, sendo 83% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 60 anos e 6 anos de escolaridade. Os índices pré e pós-tratamento foram 19 e 8 (p<0,001), respectivamente. Validação convergente dos pacientes refratários ao tratamento clínico: 75 pacientes sendo 93% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 53 anos e 7 anos escolaridade. A pontuação média foi 22. CONCLUSÕES: O Constipation Scoring System validado para população brasileira (Índice de Gravidade da Constipação Intestinal), é instrumento confiável para a aferição da gravidade da constipação intestinal crônica.

4.
Clinics ; 76: e2507, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153975

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), all health services worldwide underwent profound changes, leading to the suspension of many elective surgeries. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of elective colorectal surgery during the pandemic. METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study. Patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic between March 10 and September 9, 2020, were included. Patient data on sex, age, diagnosis, types of procedures, hospital stay, mortality, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preoperative screening tests were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 103 colorectal surgical procedures were planned, and 99 were performed. Four surgeries were postponed due to positive preoperative screening for SARS-CoV-2. Surgical procedures were performed for colorectal cancer (n=90) and inflammatory bowel disease (n=9). Laparoscopy was the approach of choice for 43 patients (43.4%), 53 (53.5%) procedures were open, and 3 (3%) procedures were robotic. Five patients developed COVID-19 in the postoperative period, and three of them died in the intensive care unit (n=3/5, 60% mortality). Two other patients died due to surgical complications unrelated to COVID-19 (n=2/94, 2.1% mortality) (p<0.01). Hospital stay was longer in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection than in those without (38.4 versushttps://doi.org/10.3 days, respectively, p<0.01). Of the 99 patients who received surgical care during the pandemic, 94 were safely discharged (95%). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that elective colorectal surgical procedures may be safely performed during the pandemic; however, preoperative testing should be performed to reduce in-hospital infection rates, since the mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 in this setting is particularly high.


Subject(s)
Humans , Colorectal Neoplasms , Colorectal Surgery , Coronavirus Infections , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus
5.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 55(2): 154-159, Apr.-June 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950514

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The treatment of median and distal rectal cancer has evolved a lot in the last decades due to the dissemination of the technique of total mesortal excision and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, this multidisciplinary approach can affect patients' quality of life in a number of ways that deserve to be adequately assessed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immediate and late health related quality of life in patients with rectal cancer treated with curative intent. METHODS: Prospective study including patients with non-metastatic mid or low rectal cancer. EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC-CR38 questionnaires were applied before, 3 months and 12 months after treatment. The mean scores of the questionnaires were stratified into 4 categories for the purpose of comparing the results at different moments. RESULTS: Twenty nine patients completed the 1st and 2nd questionnaires and 12 completed the three questionaries. Patient´s mean age was 50.8 years and 62% were female. Sphincter preservation was possible in 89.6%. Overall health scores and quality of life improved after three months after 12 months. After three months, sexual satisfaction, female sexual problems and future perspective were worsen, but gastrointestinal symptoms, sphincter problems, and weight loss were improved. After 12 months the Future Perspective deteriorated, but there was improvement of the problems related to stoma, sphincter problems and body image. CONCLUSION: Despite the complexity of the treatment of rectal cancer within a specialized service, quality of life was preserved and was satisfactory in most of the studied aspects.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: O tratamento do câncer de reto médio e distal evoluiu muito nas últimas décadas devido à disseminação da técnica de excisão total do mesorretal e ao uso de quimioterapia e radioterapia neoadjuvantes. No entanto, essa abordagem multidisciplinar pode afetar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes de várias maneiras que merecem ser adequadamente avaliadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida imediata e tardia relacionada à saúde em pacientes tratados de câncer retal com intenção curativa. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo que incluiu pacientes com câncer primário de reto médio ou baixo não metastático. Foram aplicados os questionários EORTC QLQ-C30 e EORTC-CR38 antes, 3 meses e 12 meses após o tratamento. As médias dos escores dos questionários foram estratificadas em quatro categorias para fins de comparação dos resultados nos diferentes momentos. RESULTADOS: Vinte e nove pacientes responderam aos 1º e 2º questionários e 12 responderam os três questionários. A idade média foi de 50,8 anos e 62% do sexo feminino. Preservação esfincteriana foi possível em 89,6%. As médias de escores globais de saúde e qualidade de vida melhoraram tanto após 3 meses quanto após 12 meses. Função cognitiva, dor, insônia, constipação, sintomas gastrointestinais, problemas esfincterianos, perda de peso melhoraram tanto no período imediato quanto tardio. Problemas sexuais masculinos e femininos e perspectiva futura pioraram tanto no período precoce quanto tardio. As demais funções ou sintomas ou itens não se alteraram. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da complexidade do tratamento do câncer de reto dentro de um serviço especializado, a qualidade de vida ficou preservada ou melhor na maioria das características estudadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Quality of Life/psychology , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Anal Canal , Rectal Neoplasms/psychology , Health Status , Interviews as Topic , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome , Organ Sparing Treatments , Middle Aged
6.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 30(2): 103-107, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-885704

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. In Brazil, it is the leading cause of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Aim: To evaluate the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative risk factors for recurrence and overall survival of patients with left colon cancer operated during a ten-year period. Methods: Patients with left colon cancer surgically treated underwent clinical preoperative workout and cancer staging. The following factors were studied: gender, age, tumor location, T stage, lymph node yield, N stage, M stage, histological type, and tumor differentiation. It was analyzed the influence in five-year overall survival. Results: A total of 173 patients underwent left colectomy for colon cancer. There was a slight predominance of male gender with 50.9%. The mean age was 60.8 years old. Fifteen (8.7%) tumors were located at splenic flexure, 126 (72.8%) at sigmoid colon, and 32 (18.5%) at descending colon. The median length of hospital stay was seven days. Mean survival was 47.5 months. At 60 months seven patients (4%) lost follow-up, 38 patients (21.9%) deceased and 135 patients (78%) were alive. Overall survival time was 48 months. Conclusion: Advanced stages (T3-T4, N+ and M+) were the only factors associated with poor long term survival in left colon cancer.


RESUMO Racional: O câncer colorretal é o terceiro câncer mais comum no mundo. No Brasil é a principal causa no trato gastrointestinal. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de riscos pré, peri e pós-operatório para recorrência e sobrevida global de pacientes com câncer de cólon esquerdo operado durante um período de dez anos. Métodos: Os pacientes com câncer de cólon esquerdo operados foram retrospectivamente avaliados. Os seguintes fatores foram estudados: gênero, idade, localização do tumor, estádio T, número de linfonodos, estágio N, estágio M, tipo histológico e diferenciação tumoral. Foi analisada a influência desses fatores na sobrevida global de cinco anos. Resultados: 173 pacientes foram submetidos à colectomia para câncer de cólon esquerdo. O gênero masculino predominou com 50,9%. A média de idade foi de 60,8 anos. Quinze (8,7%) tumores foram localizados no ângulo esplênico, 126 (72,8%) no sigmóide e 32 (18,5%) e no descendente. A média do tempo de internação foi de sete dias. A sobrevida média foi de 47,5 meses. Aos 60 meses sete doentes (4%) perderam o seguimento, 38 (21,9%) faleceram e 135 (78%) estavam vivos. O tempo de sobrevida global foi de 48 meses. Conclusão: Os estádios avançados (T3-T4, N e M+) foram os únicos fatores associados à menor sobrevida em longo prazo em câncer de cólon esquerdo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Colectomy/methods , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Time Factors , Survival Rate , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Colonic Neoplasms/mortality , Hospitals, University , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
7.
Clinics ; 72(5): 258-264, May 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840078

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the clinical and pathological factors associated with perioperative morbidity, mortality and oncological outcomes after multivisceral en bloc resection in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Between January 2009 and February 2014, 105 patients with primary colorectal cancer selected for multivisceral resection were identified from a prospective database. Clinical and pathological factors, perioperative morbidity and mortality and outcomes were obtained from medical records. Estimated local recurrence and overall survival were compared using the log-rank method, and Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independence of the studied parameters. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02859155. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 60 (range 23-86) years, 66.7% were female, 80% of tumors were located in the rectum, 11.4% had stage-IV disease, and 54.3% received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The organs most frequently resected were ovaries and annexes (37%). Additionally, 30.5% of patients received abdominoperineal resection. Invasion of other organs was confirmed histologically in 53.5% of patients, and R0 resection was obtained in 72% of patients. The overall morbidity rate of patients in this study was 37.1%. Ureter resection and intraoperative blood transfusion were independently associated with an increased number of complications. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 1.9%. After 27 (range 5-57) months of follow-up, the mortality and local recurrence rates were 23% and 15%, respectively. Positive margins were associated with a higher recurrence rate. Positive margins, lymph node involvement, stage III/IV disease, and stage IV disease alone were associated with lower overall survival rates. On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with reduced survival was lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Multivisceral en bloc resection for primary colorectal cancer can be performed with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality and may lead to favorable oncological outcomes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Intraoperative Complications , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Morbidity , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging , Postoperative Complications , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Viscera/pathology , Viscera/surgery
8.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 28(1): 3-7, 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742747

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. There are many controversies in the literature about the prognostic value of primary tumor location. Many studies have shown higher survival rates for tumors in the right colon, and worse prognosis for lesions located more distally in the colon. AIM: To analyze the results of surgical treatment of right-sided colon cancers patients operated in one decade period and identify the prognostic factors that were associated with lower overall survival in stages I-IV patients. METHODS: A retrospective review from the prospectively collected database identified 178 patients with right-sided colon cancer surgically treated with curative intent. Demographic factors (gender and age), tumor factors (site, T stage, N stage, M stage, histological type and tumor differentiation), and lymph node yield were extracted to identify those associated with lower overall survival. RESULTS: Mean age was 65 (±12) years old, and 105 (56.1%) patients were female. Most common affected site was ascending colon (48.1%), followed by cecum (41.7%) and hepatic flexure (10.2%). Mean length of hospital stay was 14 (±2.8) days. T stage distribution was T1 (4.8%), T2 (7.5%), T3 (74.9%), and T4 (12.8%). Nodal involvement was present in 46.0%, and metastatic disease in 3.7%. Twelve or more lymph nodes were obtained in 87.2% of surgical specimens and 84.5% were non-mucinous tumors. Mean survival time was 38.3 (±30.8) months. Overall survival was affected by T stage, N stage, M stage, and final stage. Lymph node involvement (OR=2.06) and stage III/IV (OR=2.81) were independent negative prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Right-sided colon cancer presented commonly at advanced stage. Advanced stage and lymph node involvement were factors associated with poor long term survival. .


RACIONAL: Câncer colorretal é o tipo mais comum das neoplasias gastrointestinais. Há muitas controvérsias na literatura acerca do valor prognóstico do sítio da neoplasia. Muitos estudos revelam maiores taxas de sobrevida para tumores em cólon direito, com piora do prognóstico à medida que as lesões se situam mais distalmente. OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com câncer de cólon direito estádios I-IV operados em um período de dez anos e identificar os fatores prognósticos que foram associados com menor sobrevida global. MÉTODOS: Em 10 anos, 187 pacientes foram submetidos à colectomia direita com intenção curativa. Foram estudados os seguintes fatores: gênero, idade, localização do tumor, o número de linfonodos obtidos no espécime, comprometimento linfonodal, estádio T e presença de metástases à distância. Estes fatores foram avaliados quanto à possibilidade de serem indicadores prognósticos na sobrevida em cinco anos. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 65 (±12) anos e 105 (56,1%) eram mulheres. A localização, mas comum foi o cólon ascendente (48,1%), seguido do ceco (41,7%) e o ângulo hepático (10,2%). A média de tempo de internação hospitalar foi 14 (±2.8) dias. A distribuição do estádio T foi T1 (4,8%), T2 (7,5%), T3 (74,9%) e T4 (12,8%). Acometimento linfonodal ocorreu em 46,0% e metástases à distância em 3,7%. Um mínimo de 12 linfonodos ressecados foram obtidos em 87,2% dos espécimes cirúrgicos. Em 84.5% os tumores eram não-mucinosos. A média de sobrevida foi de 38,3 (±30.8) meses. A sobrevida geral foi afetada pelo estádio T, N, M e pelo estádio final. O acometimento linfonodal (RR=2,06) e os estádios III/IV (RR=2,81) foram fatores prognósticos negativos independentes. CONCLUSÕES: Estádio avançado e envolvimento linfonodal foram os fatores associados com a pior sobrevida em longo prazo. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/nursing , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Anxiety/etiology , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Gastrointestinal Diseases/nursing , United Kingdom , Treatment Outcome , Video Recording
10.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 33(2): 70-75, abr.-jun. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-763856

ABSTRACT

As próteses metálicas autoexpansíveis (PMAE) têm sido cada vez mais utilizadas na obstrução colorretal maligna, tanto como medida paliativa na doença avançada, quanto como uma ponte para cirurgia curativa na emergência obstrutiva. Embora ainda existam algumas questões em aberto quanto ao uso das PMAE como uma ponte para cirurgia, seu uso em pacientes com doença irressecável tem sido amplamente aceito. Vantagens dos stents colorretais incluem o alívio imediato da obstrução, evitar a criação de colostomia, menor morbidade e menor estadia hospitalar. Esta revisão discutirá os aspectos técnicos, indicações, desfechos clínicos e complicações das PMAE colorretais.


Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) has been increasingly used for the palliation of metastatic colorectal cancer and as a bridge to surgery for obstructing neoplasms. Although there remain a few concerns regarding the use of stents as a bridge to surgical resection, use of SEMSs for palliation in patients with unresectable disease has been widely accepted. Advantages of colorectal stents include prompt restoration of luminal patency, avoidance of stoma creation, lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay. This review will discuss the technical aspects, general indications, clinical outcomes and complications of colorectal stents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prostheses and Implants , Colorectal Neoplasms , Colonoscopy , Colon , Intestinal Obstruction
11.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 24(3): 210-214, jul.-set. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-608388

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: A cirurgia para hemorróidas sintomáticas é necessária em quase 10 por cento dos pacientes. Embora, a literatura sobre o tratamento cirúrgico da doença hemorroidária seja muito grande, os dados relativos à hemorroidectomia ou hemorroidopexia realizadas por residentes de treinamento é limitado. OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados destes procedimentos em uma instituição de ensino. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os dados de todos os pacientes que se submeteram ao tratamento cirúrgico para hemorróidas entre1995 e 2007 em uma única instituição. Residentes supervisionados realizaram todos os procedimentos. As técnicas foram comparadas com base no tempo operatório, permanência hospitalar, morbidade e eficácia a longo prazo. RESULTADOS: Trezentos e trinta e três pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, 182 homens (54,6 por cento), com idade média de 45,3 anos (± 12,02). Hemorróidas de terceiro grau foram a principal indicação (81,7 por cento). Milligan-Morgan foi o procedimento mais comumente realizado (57 por cento), seguido por Ferguson e hemorroidopexia grampeada. A média de tempo operatório foi significativamente menor no grupo hemorroidopexia grampeada quando comparado com os procedimentos abertos e fechados: 49,4 ± 29,3 min vs 61,1 ± 26,5 e 67,1 ± 28,3, respectivamente (p=0,0034). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto às complicações pós-operatórias ou à taxa de reoperação. O tempo de internação foi significativamente maior no grupo Milligan-Morgan quando comparado com Ferguson e grampeamento (1,41 ± 0,86 dias vs 1,19 ± 0,43 vs 1,16 ± 0,37, respectivamente). Recorrência sintomática, taxas de reoperação e o uso de ligadura elástica foram semelhantes entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os residentes sob supervisão pode executar Milligan-Morgan, Ferguson e grampeamento hemorroidário com baixa incidência de complicações e bons resultados a longo prazo. O grampeamento foi associado com menor tempo operatório, enquanto Milligan-Morgan foi correlacionada com maior tempo de hospitalização.


BACKGROUND: Surgery for symptomatic hemorrhoids is needed in almost 10 percent of the patients. Although, literature about the surgical management of hemorrhoidal disease is vast, data concerning hemorrhoidectomy or hemorrhoidopexy performed by training residents is limited. AIM: To analyze the results of these procedures in a teaching institution. METHODS: Data from all patients who underwent surgical treatment for hemorrhoids from 1995 to 2007 in a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Residents supervised by assisting doctors performed all procedures. Techniques were compared based on operative time, hospital stay, morbidity, and long-term efficacy. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty three patients were included in the study, 182 males (54.6 percent), with a mean age of 45.3 years (± 12.02). Third degree hemorrhoids were the main indication (81.7 percent). Milligan-Morgan was the most commonly performed procedure (57 percent), followed by Ferguson and stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Mean operative time was significantly lower in the stapled hemorrhoidopexy group when compared to the open and closed procedures: 49,4 ± 29.3 min vs. 61.1 ± 26.5 and 67.1 ± 28.3, respectively (p=0.0034). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups regarding postoperative complications or reoperation rate. Length of stay was significantly higher in the Milligan-Morgan group when compared to Ferguson and stapled hemorrhoidopexy (1.41 ± 0.86 days vs. 1.19 ± 0.43 vs. 1.16 ± 0.37 respectively). Symptomatic recurrence, reoperation rates and band ligation usage were similar among groups. CONCLUSION: Residents under supervision can perform Milligan-Morgan, Ferguson and stapled hemorrhoidopexy with low incidence of complications and good long-term results. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy technique was associated with a shorter operative time, while Milligan-Morgan correlated with a longer length of stay.

12.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(5): 292-294, Sept. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470628

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has turned human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a chronic condition, and this has led to increased incidence of anal dysplasia among HIV-positive patients. Routine anal evaluation including the anal canal and perianal area is recommended for this population, especially for patients infected by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old homosexual HIV-positive man presented with a six-year history of recurrent perianal and anal warts. He had previously undergone incomplete surgical excision and fulguration in another institution on two occasions. He had been using HAART over the past two years. He presented some condylomatous spreading lesions occupying part of the anal canal and the perianal skin, and also a well-demarcated slightly painful perianal plaque of dimensions 1.0 x 1.0 cm. Both anal canal Pap smears and biopsies guided by high-resolution anoscopy revealed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Biopsies of the border of the perianal plaque also revealed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. HPV DNA testing of the anus detected the presence of HPV-16 type. The patient underwent local full-thickness excision of the lesion. Histological analysis on the excised tissue revealed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with one focus of microinvasive squamous cell cancer measuring 1 mm. No lymph vessel or perineural invasion was detected. The patient showed pathological evidence of recurrent anal and perianal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions at the sixth-month follow-up and required further ablation of those lesions. However no invasive squamous cell carcinoma recurrence has been detected so far.


CONTEXTO: A terapia anti-retroviral altamente ativa tornou a infecção pelo HIV uma condição crônica, levando a um aumento na incidência de pacientes HIV-positivos com displasia anal. A avaliação anal rotineira incluindo a região anal e perianal é recomendada nessa população, especialmente nos doentes infectados por tipos oncogênicos do HPV. RELATO DE CASO: Um homem homossexual HIV-positivo de 54 anos foi encaminhado para avaliação de condilomas anais e perianais recorrentes há seis anos. Referia duas ressecções cirúrgicas incompletas em outro serviço. Encontrava-se em uso de medicação anti-retroviral altamente ativa há dois anos. Ao exame proctológico, apresentava algumas lesões condilomatosas no canal anal e na região perianal, assim como uma placa bem delimitada de 1,0 por 1,0 cm levemente dolorosa na região perianal. Ambos esfregaço do canal anal e biópsia guiada por anoscopia de alta resolução revelaram lesão escamosa intraepitelial de alto grau. Uma biópsia da borda da placa perianal também diagnosticou lesão escamosa intraepitelial de alto grau. A pesquisa de DNA de HPV do canal anal detectou a presença do HPV tipo 16. O paciente foi submetido à excisão local profunda da lesão. O estudo anatomopatológico revelou lesão escamosa intra-epitelial de alto grau com um foco de 1 mm de carcinoma epidermóide microinvasivo, sem invasão perineural ou linfo-vascular. O paciente apresentou recorrência de lesão escamosa intra-epitelial de alto grau no canal anal e na região perianal confirmadas por biópsias no sexto mês pós-operatório, necessitando ablação. Entretanto, até o momento não apresentou recorrência do carcinoma epidermóide invasivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy , /isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Anal Canal/pathology , Anal Canal/virology , Anus Neoplasms/etiology , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , DNA, Viral/analysis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
13.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 42(2): 77-82, abr.-jun. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-410675

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: Com o surgimento das fibras ópticas na área médica, houve grande avanço tecnológico na observação do aparelho digestivo, com a introdução dos endoscópios flexíveis, usados anteriormente para o trato digestivo superior. OBJETIVO: Rever os resultados da aplicação da colonoscopia diagnóstica e terapêutica na Disciplina de Coloproctologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, respeitando as características de instituição de ensino e aprimoramento médico. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos dados referentes a 2.567 exames de fibrocolonoscopia realizados entre os anos de 1984 e 2002, seja em regime de internação hospitalar ou ambulatorial. As principais indicações de exame nesta casuística foram o sangramento retal/anemia em 571 (22,24 por cento) doentes, alteração do hábito intestinal em 379 (14,76 por cento), moléstia inflamatória em 222 (8,65 por cento) e pós-operatório de neoplasia em 186 (7,25 por cento). O preparo intestinal com manitol foi realizado na maioria dos doentes. A sedação, quando não contra-indicada, foi feita com meperidina e benzodiazepínico. Todos exames foram feitos com monitorização com oxímetro de pulso. RESULTADOS: O resultado do exame foi normal em 1.089 (42,42 por cento) casos. Pólipos foram diagnosticados em 397 (15,47 por cento) casos, doença diverticular em 330 (12,86 por cento), doença inflamatória em 305 (11,88 por cento) e câncer colorretal em 262 (10,21 por cento). Foram realizadas 819 polipectomias em 397 doentes, gerando a média de 2,21 polipectomias por doente com pólipo. A colonoscopia foi considerada incompleta (quando não atingiu o ceco) em 181 (7,05 por cento) casos. Houve um caso de perfuração por fratura de tumor subestenosante de retossigmóide. Complicações relacionadas à sedação levaram à interrupção do exame em 0,42 por cento das vezes, sem maiores prejuízos aos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A colonoscopia foi método eficaz no diagnóstico e tratamento de afecções colorretais, sendo seguro e com baixo índice de morbidade em ambiente universitário.


Subject(s)
Humans , Colonoscopy , Intestine, Large , Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases/surgery , Retrospective Studies
14.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 40(1): 35-39, Jan.-Mar. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-347609

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The use of circular staplers in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease is known as a simple procedure, with low morbidity, less post-treatment pain and with the same efficacy when compared to the classical hemorrhoidectomy. AIM: Analyze the operative technique, intra-operative and immediate postoperative complications and late results in 100 patients treated for hemorrhoid disease by stapling technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The group included 53 males and 47 females with mean age of 49.8 years, operated during the period June 2000 to June 2002 in the "Hospital Universitário" (São Paulo University Hospital) and "Hospital Sírio Libanês", in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. RESULTS: The majority of patients (78 percent) were discharged on the first post-operative day. Eight patients required supplementary analgesia and were given intramuscular diclofenac sodium and four of them received intramuscular tramadol. One intraoperative complication was bleeding which was difficult to control and required a blood transfusion. One patient was reoperated on the first postoperative day due to intermittent and persistent bleeding, however without hemodynamic changes or a drop in hematocrit. Two patients presented hemorrhoidal thrombosis in the early postoperative stage. The postoperative follow-up displayed: recurrence of prolapse, five cases (5 percent); anal sub-stenosis, two cases (2 percent); anal fissure, one case (1 percent); persistent pain, two cases (2 percent). Seven reoperations were performed: one due to bleeding, one due to sub-stenosis and five due to recurrence of hemorrhoidal prolapse and persistence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Stapling is simple to accomplish, has low postoperative pain and rate of complications, however, the incidence of late reoperations is rather high and therefore major follow-up for better analysis is required.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hemorrhoids/surgery , Surgical Stapling , Postoperative Complications , Recurrence , Reoperation , Treatment Outcome
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